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2020-02-04

 

 

(Natural News)Research has established that bees understand the concept of zero and are capable of doing basic math.Now,a recent research conducted by scientists from the RMIT University in Australia suggests that bees are also capable of being trained to connect symbols to numbers in order to receive food.

 

( 自然新闻 ) 研究表明蜜蜂理解零的概念,并且能够做基本的数学运算。现在,澳大利亚皇家麻省理工学院大学的科学家们最近进行的一项研究表明,蜜蜂也能够通过训练将符号与数字联系起来,从而获得食物。

 

This experiment used a carrot and stick reward system to train the bees.If they learned the correct route through a maze by connecting a symbol to a number,they got a sugary treat.If not,they received a bitter one.

 

这个实验使用了一个胡萝卜加大棒奖励系统来训练蜜蜂。如果他们通过把一个符号和一个数字联系起来,学会了走迷宫的正确路线,他们就会得到一份甜蜜的奖励。如果没有,他们就得到了一个苦果。

 

This study,published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B,aimed to determine if bees could understand numbers when they are represented symbolically.Two groups of bees were trained using a Y-shaped maze.For the first group,there was a symbol at the entrance of the maze,which was represented by either number 2 or number 3.When the bees came to the fork in the Y,there were signs placed above their two possible routes.The signs contained shapes,two on one side and three on the other.The bees had to choose the route marked by the right number of shapes,and if they did,they were rewarded with nectar.If they failed,they received bitter quinine.

 

这项研究发表在《皇家学会报告志上,旨在确定蜜蜂是否能够理解象征性的数字。两组蜜蜂使用 y 型迷宫进行训练。对于第一组,迷宫入口处有一个符号,由数字 2 或数字 3 表示。当蜜蜂来到 y 字形的分叉处时,在它们两条可能的路线上方都有标志。这些招牌上有两个形状,一边两个,另一边三个。蜜蜂必须选择适当形状的路线,如果它们选择了,就会得到花蜜作为奖赏。如果他们失败了,他们就会得到苦奎宁。

 

The scientists remarked that after taking several sips of quinine,which is a bitter compound commonly used in tonic water,the bees began learning to take the correct path.The second group of bees were trained in the opposite approach,matching the number of shapes at the entrance of the maze to a symbol at the fork.It produced similar results.

 

科学家们评论说,在喝了几口奎宁之后,蜜蜂开始学会选择正确的路径。奎宁是一种通常用于补水的苦味化合物。第二组蜜蜂用相反的方法进行训练,将迷宫入口处的形状与叉子处的符号进行匹配。它产生了类似的结果。

 

Adrian Dyer,associate professor at RMIT,said that while humans were the only living species to develop systems and symbols to represent numbers,people aren't the only ones who can grasp this concept.His team's study on the tiny brains of bees has proved this.

 

皇家理工学院的副教授艾德里安·戴尔说,虽然人类是唯一发展出代表数字的系统和符号的物种,但人类并不是唯一能理解这一概念的人。他的团队对蜜蜂微小大脑的研究证明了这一点。

 

"We take it for granted once we've learned our numbers as children,but being able to recognize what'4'represents actually requires a sophisticated level of cognitive ability,"said Dyer."Studies have shown primates and birds can also learn to link symbols with numbers,but this is the first time we've seen this in insects."

 

戴尔说 :" 一旦我们在儿童时期学会了数字,我们就认为这是理所当然的,但是能够识别 '4' 代表什么实际上需要一种复杂的认知能力。 " " 研究表明,灵长类动物和鸟类也可以学会将符号与数字联系起来,但这是我们第一次在昆虫身上看到这种现象。 "

 

He added that if bees have the capacity to learn"something as complex as a human-made symbolic language,"then that revelation opens up exciting new possibilities for communicating between different species,much in the same way that a person may teach their pet a set of commands that correspond to an action.(Related:Trained bees successfully locate landmines in Croatia.)

 

他补充说,如果蜜蜂有能力学习 " 像人造符号语言这样复杂的东西 " ,那么这一发现就为不同物种之间的交流开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性,就像人类可以教会宠物一系列与动作相对应的命令一样。 ( 相关 : 训练有素的蜜蜂在克罗地亚成功地找到了地雷。 )

 

Bee brains are smarter than you think

 

蜜蜂的大脑比你想象的要聪明

 

Pigeons,parrots and chimpanzees,among other animals,are known to be capable of learning that symbols can represent numbers.This study shows for the first time that this ability is not restricted to vertebrate species.

 

鸽子、鹦鹉和黑猩猩,以及其他动物都知道符号可以代表数字。这项研究首次表明,这种能力不仅限于脊椎动物物种。

 

However,the study has some limitations.For example,the bees were able to grasp their specific training,but could not work out what to do when tested to reverse the association,suggesting that number processing and understanding of symbols is a different process in bee brains.Further research is required to find out how tiny bee brains process information given to them.According to Dyer,learning this can open the path to bio-inspired solutions for better processing systems.

 

然而,这项研究有一些局限性。例如,蜜蜂能够抓住它们特定的训练,但是不知道在测试逆转这种联系时该怎么做,这表明数字处理和符号理解是蜜蜂大脑中的一个不同的过程。需要进一步的研究来发现微小的蜜蜂大脑是如何处理给它们的信息的。按照戴尔的说法,学习这个可以为更好的处理系统的仿生解决方案开辟道路。

 

"Our results show honeybees are not at the same level as the animals that have been able to learn symbols as numbers and perform complex tasks,"said Dyer."But the results have implications for what we know about learning,reversing tasks and how the brain creates connections and associations between concepts."

 

戴尔说 :" 我们的研究结果表明,蜜蜂与那些能够学习数字等符号并执行复杂任务的动物不在同一水平上。 " " 但研究结果对我们了解的学习、逆向任务以及大脑如何在概念之间建立联系和关联都有启示作用。 "

 

"Discovering how such complex numerical skills can be grasped by miniature brains will help us understand how mathematical and cultural thinking evolved in humans,and possibly,other animals."

 

" 发现如此复杂的数字技能是如何被微型大脑掌握的,将有助于我们理解数学和文化思维是如何在人类,甚至可能在其他动物身上进化的。 "

 

Sources include:

 

资料来源包括 :

 

DailyMail.co.uk

 

英国每日邮报

 

RoyalSocietyPublishing.org

 

ScienceDaily.com

 

原文

https://www.naturalnews.com/2020-02-03-amazing-study-reveals-bees-can-connect-symbols-to-numbers-insects-compute.html

資料來源: https://www.pfcchina.org/xinwen/34451.html

(图文来自网络,版权属于原创)

 

 

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